Impact of horse chestnut leaf miner

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic; HCLM) on whole-tree energy loss, growth and reproduction on mature horse chestnut trees Aesculus hippocastanum L. Electron transport (ETo) flux per cross section (CS) of photosystem II (ETo/CS) was measured on HCLM infested and insecticide treated trees located in the South of England, UK. Comparison of insecticide treated trees where no HCLM activity was recorded compared with non-insecticide controls where severe HCLM activity was recorded indicated a total energy loss of 37.2% over a growing season.