Phytophthora Root Rot
Phytophthora root rot is a disease that attacks thousands of types of trees and shrubs. It is caused by several species of soil-borne pathogens in the genus Phytophthora. The disease begins when these fungus-like organisms attack the plant's fine roots, gradually advancing toward larger roots and up into the lower trunk. As the health of the root system declines the tree's ability to absorb water and nutrients is negatively impacted. In severe cases, the root system can fail entirely, resulting in the death of the tree.
Phytophthora thrives in soil that is poorly drained or excessively irrigated. When soil moisture and temperature conditions favor disease development, the spread and severity of infection can increase drastically. Additionally, trees and shrubs with root rot may cause infection in both established and new plantings that are nearby. It can survive long periods in the soil, even when no host is present, so it is prudent to be careful when planting on sites that have ever experienced an outbreak.
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Affected Areas
Phytophthora root rot can affect nearly any tree or shrub species in nearly any geography. Some species show a higher susceptibility including: azalea, rhododendron, holly, boxwood, hemlock, mountain laurel, fir, and white pine. Woody ornamentals such as oak, beech, dogwood, maple, and fruit trees are also prone to infection. This disease will be more common in places where there is poor water drainage.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Phytophthora root rot vary depending on the host. The first sign of infection is usually only apparent in the root system. Affected roots will be discolored and brittle. As the disease progresses, smaller leaf size, thinning of the crown and branch dieback often become apparent. Unfortunately, these later, outwardly noticeable symptoms may not appear until well after the actual infection when the disease is already well-established.
Control
The most important factor in managing and treating Phytophthora root rot is ensuring that plants are growing in proper soil conditions. Carefully monitor irrigation and confirm that the root collar and root flare of the tree are exposed and free of excess soil or mulch. Adding organic matter and fertilizing to address nutrient deficiencies are other preventative measures to take to improve overall soil conditions for healthier trees that can better withstand infection. In poorly drained soils, plant only species that are most tolerant of these growing conditions.
Treatments are available for trees and shrubs showing disease symptoms. Given the persistent nature of Phytophthora in the soil, multiple treatments are often required and should also be considered for nearby plantings.
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- I planted six young trees in early March. Despite watering them regularly they have all started to wilt and the leaves are starting to turn yellow.
- I planted an ornamental cherry tree in my front lawn and have noticed bleeding around the bottom part of the trunk. This season it bloomed and I noticed a considerable reduction in the amount of leaves. Is there a problem?
- I believe two of my large vine maples (planted two years ago) are dying of root rot. They both have collar lesions. There are three others in the vicinity. I have read up on Phytophthora and know the basics. Is it likely to spread to the other three? Is it important to remove the dying ones immediately? Is there an effective treatment for the remaining three?
- I have two horse chestnut trees, which are approx 25 years old. This year, the leaves started to discolour in the summer and now red liquid is coming from the bark. Is there any cure for this disease or do I have to destroy them?
- We planed the tree in the fall, following instruction from the grower, but there are several branches towards the bottom of the tree showing signs of browning. Is there anything we can do. We have had a very wet winter and spring so I'm worried the water is not draining well. Could this be the problem?
- Our 13 year old Rhodedendrons in front of the house have slowly been dying over the past three years. We tried feeding, watering, and spraying with milky substance for a bacterial infection with no results. The leaves turn brown on tips and curl. The tops of leaves are pale in color with veins remaining a darker green. The underside of leaves have tiny rusty/brown colored dots. What should I do?